A wounded British officer reading The Times's report of the end of the Crimean War, in John Everett Millais' painting Peace Concluded 1890 to 1981 William Howard Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England. The Times was one of the first newspapers to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence. The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson died, and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson (1802–1852). Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig (1774–1833). For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. In spite of Walter Sr's sixteen-month stay in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register was on 1 January 1785. Walter bought the logography's patent and with it opened a printing house to produce books. At that time, Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was reputedly faster and more precise (although three years later, it was proved less efficient than advertised). Unemployed, Walter began a new business venture. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company for which he worked went bankrupt due to losses from a Jamaican hurricane. The Times was founded by publisher John Walter (1738–1812) on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. History 1785 to 1890 Front page of The Times from 4 December 1788 A complete historical file of the digitised paper, up to 2019, is online from Gale Cengage Learning. The Times has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. The two newspapers also had 304,000 digital-only paid subscribers as of June 2019. The Times had an average daily circulation of 365,880 in March 2020 in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average weekly circulation of 647,622. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. In countries where these other titles are popular, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times, or as The Times of London, although the newspaper is of national scope and distribution. The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, such as The Times of India and The New York Times. In general, the political position of The Times is considered to be centre-right. The Times and The Sunday Times, which do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have had common ownership only since 1966. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Media, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly owned by News Corp. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
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